====== Study Questions ====== ====== Exam 70-528 Study Questions ====== ===== Chapter 1: Framework Fundamentals ===== ==== Extension ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C1XQ1: What is the primary purpose of a delegate? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: To facilitate event handling. ==== Lesson 3: Constructing Classes ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C1L3Q1: To raise an event, what three elements must be provided? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: - A class that provides event data. - An event delegate. - A class that raises the event. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C1L3Q2: What object type should an event pass if it has no custom data? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //EventArgs// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C1L3Q3: If an event needs to pass custom data, what class should be derived from and what is the naming convention? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //EventArgs// should be derived from and the naming convention is //{EventName}EventArgs//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C1L3Q4: What is the naming convention for a delegate for an event? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //{EventName}Handler// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C1L3Q5: What two things should be done to allow a class to raise an event? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: - A public event needs to be declared. - A protected //On{EventName}// method should be created. ===== Chapter 2: Input/Output (I/O) ===== ==== Lesson 1: Navigating the File System ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C2L1Q1: How do you enumerate the drives in a system? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Call the //DriveInfo.GetDrives// method. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C2L1Q2: How do you enumerate the files in a particular directory? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: - Create a new //DirectoryInfo// object, specifying the directory in the constructor. - Call the //GetFiles// method on the //DirectoryInfo// object, which returns a collection of //FileInfo// objects. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C2L1Q3: How would you determine the size of a particular file in the file system? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: - Create a new //FileInfo// object, specifying the path to the file in the constructor. - Examine the //FileInfo//'s //Length// property. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C2L1Q4: How do you copy a file? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: - Create a new //FileInfo// object, specifying the path to the source file in the constructor. - Call the //FileInfo//'s //CopyTo// method, specifying the path to the destination file. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C2L1Q5: What are the high level steps required to monitor a directory for changes? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: - Create a //FileSystemWatcher// object. - Set the //Path// property. - Register for the event that you are interested in. - Set the //EnableRaisingEvents// property to true. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C2L1Q6: How do you create a //DriveInfo// object for a specific drive? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Create a new //DriveInfo// object, specifying the drive letter in the constructor. ==== Lesson 3: Compressing Streams ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C2L3Q1: What two classes are used to compress and decompress data? ** Follow up question: What is the difference between the two and what would you use each for? /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //GZipStream// and //DeflateStream//. Follow up answer: //GZipStream// conforms to the GZip standard by adding extra header information. //GZipStream// is best if inter-operation is required, //DeflateStream// has slightly better compression. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C2L3Q2: What is the data size limit of both compression methods? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: 4 GB (of uncompressed data). /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C2L3Q3: Which stream is passed to the constructor of a compression stream? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * When compressing, the destination or output stream. * When decompressing, the source or input stream. How to Remember: The compressed stream is passed. ===== Chapter 3: Searching, Modifying, and Encoding Text ===== ==== Lesson 1: Forming Regular Expressions ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C3L1Q1: In a regular expression, what symbol matches the start of a line and what matches the end? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Start = ^ (carat), end = $ /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C3L1Q2: In a regular expression, what is a lazy quantifier and how is one specified? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: A lazy quantifier will match as little of the searched string as possible. A lazy quantifier is specified by adding a '?' symbol immediately after the quantifier. ===== Chapter 4: Collections and Generics ===== ==== Lesson 1: Collecting Data Items ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C4L1Q1: What needs to be done to a custom collection class to enable the use of the ''foreach'' statement? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //IEnumerator// needs to be implemented. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C4L1Q2: How would you randomise a collection? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Create a class that implements the //IComparer// interface and pass an instance of it to the collection's //Sort// method. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C4L1Q3: Which non-generic collection is the most basic, general collection? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //ArrayList//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C4L1Q4: Which class is used by default to sort a collection? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //Comparer//. ==== Lesson 3: Working with Dictionaries ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C4L3Q1: When iterating over a //Hashtable//, what order are entries returned in, by default? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: The order of the hash values. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C4L3Q2: What are the five non-generic, non-specialised dictionary collections, what is each used for and what is the generic equivalent? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * //Hashtable//, used for simple basic dictionaries, //Dictionary<>//. * //SortedList//, used for dictionaries that are sorted by key, //SortedList<>// and //SortedDictionary//. * //ListDictionary//, used for small dictionaries, //Dictionary<>//. * //HybridDictionary//, used for dictionaries of unknown or varying size, //Dictionary<>//. * //OrderedDictionary//, used where direct control of the order is required, //Dictionary<>//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C4L3Q3: What type of object does a non-generic dictionary collection contain? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //DictionaryEntry// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20091012 */ ** C4L3Q4: Which list is a dictionary? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //SortedList// ==== Lesson 4: Using Specialized Collections ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C4L4Q1: What type of dictionary collection should be used for small collections (typically fewer than ten elements)? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //ListDictionary// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C4L4Q2: What type of dictionary collection should be used for large collections? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //Hashtable// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C4L4Q3: What type of dictionary collection should be used if the size of the collection is unknown or will vary? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //HybridDictionary// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C4L4Q4: What type of dictionary collection should be used if ordering is required? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //OrderedDictionary// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C4L4Q5: How does a dictionary collection determine uniqueness? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: It uses the //IEqualityComparer// passed into the constructor or, if none was passed, it uses the //GetHashCode// and //Equals// methods. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C4L4Q6: What are the five specialised collections and their generic equivalent? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: - //BitArray//, no generic equivalent. - //BitVector32//, no generic equivalent. - //StringCollection//, equivalent to //List//. - //StringDictionary//, equivalent to //Dictionary//. - //NameValueCollection//, equivalent to //Dictionary<>//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C4L4Q7: The //StringCollection// class is a specialised version of what class? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //ArrayList// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C4L4Q8: The //StringDictionary// class is a specialised version of what class? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //Hashtable// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C4L4Q9: What can be created with the //CollectionsUtil// class? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Case-insensitive //Hashtable//s and case-insensitive //SortedList//s. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C4L4Q10: How do you create a culture-invariant collection? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Pass //StringComparer.InvariantCulture// or //StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase// to the constructor of the collection. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C4L4Q11: What is the difference between the //NameValueCollection// class and the //StringDictionary// class? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer:\\ * //NameValueCollection// can store multiple values for each key. * //NameValueCollection// values can be accessed by key index. ==== Lesson 5: Generic Collections ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C4L5Q1: What are the six 'standard' generic collections that are type-safe versions of the other ones? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //List//, //Dictionary//, //SortedList//, //SortedDictionary//, //Queue// and //Stack//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C4L5Q2: What is the additional generic collection that is not a version of the other ones? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //LinkedList// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C4L5Q3: What are the three non-specialised, non-dictionary, non-generic collections and their generic equivalent? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * //ArrayList//, equivalent to //List<>//. * //Queue//, equivalent to //Queue<>//. * //Stack//, equivalent to //Stack<>//. ==== Extension ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C4XQ1: What does the compiler do when an iterator is implemented? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Automatically generates the //Current//, //MoveNext// and //Dispose// methods of the //IEnumerable// interface. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C4XQ2: How do you implement an iterator? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: - Implement the //IEnumerable// interface. - Create a method called //GetEnumerator// which returns an //IEnumerator//. - Use the ''yield return'' statement to return each element. - If required, use the ''yield break'' to end the iteration. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C4XQ3: What are two ways that the default iterator functionality can be extended? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: - Named iterators can be created which allows a class to have multiple iteration techniques. - Parameterised iterators can be created which allows clients control over some or all of the iteration behaviour. ===== Chapter 5: Serialization ===== ==== Lesson 1: Serializing Objects ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C5L1Q1: What are the three steps to serialise an object to binary format? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: - Create a stream object. - Create a //BinaryFormatter// object. - Call the //BinaryFormatter//'s //Serialise// method, passing in the stream object and the object to be serialised. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C5L1Q2: What are the four steps to deserialise an object from binary data? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: - Create a stream object. - Create a //BinaryFormatter// object. - Create a new object to store the deserialised data. - Call the //BinaryFormatter//'s //Deserialise// method, passing in the stream object and cast the result. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C5L1Q3: What needs to be done to a custom class to enable it to be serialised to binary? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Add the //Serializable// attribute to the class. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C5L1Q4: What needs to be done to a custom class to enable it to be serialised to SOAP? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Add the //Serializable// attribute to the class. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C5L1Q5: What needs to be done to prevent a member of a custom class from being serialised to binary? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Add the //NonSerialized// attribute to the member. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C5L1Q6: What needs to be done to prevent a member of a custom class from being serialised to SOAP? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Add the //SoapIgnore// attribute to the member. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C5L1Q7: How can a non-serialised object be automatically initialised after deserialisation? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: The class should implement the //IDeserializationCallback// interface and implement the //IDeserializationCallback.OnDeserialization// method. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C5L1Q8: How can an exception be prevented from being thrown if a member is missing from the serialisation data? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Add the //OptionalField// attribute to the member. ==== Lesson 2: XML Serialization ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C5L2Q1: Which tool would you use to create a class that, when serialised, would produce an XML document that conformed to an XML schema? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Xsd.exe /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C5L2Q2: What are the three steps to serialise data to XML? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: - Create or get a reference to a stream, //TextWriter//, or //XmlWriter// object to hold the serialised output. - Create or get a reference to an //XmlSerializer// object, passing it the type of object to be serialised. - Call the //XmlSerializer// object's //Serialize// method, passing the stream and the object to be serialised. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C5L2Q3: What are the three steps to deserialise data from XML? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: - Create or get a reference to a stream, //TextReader//, or //XmlReader// object to read the serialised input. - Create or get a reference to an //XmlSerializer// object, passing it the type of object to be deserialised. - Call the //XmlSerializer// object's //Deserialize// method, passing the stream, and cast the result. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C5L2Q4: What needs to be done to ensure that a class can be serialised to XML? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * Specify the class as public. * Specify all members that must be serialised as public. * Create a parameterless (or default) constructor. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C5L2Q5: By default, what are public class members serialised as? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Hint: Attributes or elements. Answer: Elements. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C5L2Q6: What needs to be done to prevent a member of a custom class from being serialised to XML? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Add the //XMLIgnore// attribute to the member. ==== Lesson 3: Custom Serialization ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C5L3Q1: How do you override the default serialisation functionality? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Implement the //ISerializable// interface and add the //Serializable// attribute to the class. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C5L3Q2: When should you not use the default serialisation functionality? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: When the class has declarative or imperative security at the class level or on its constructors. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C5L3Q3: What should be implemented for the //ISerializable// interface? ** Follow up question: What happens if you forget that which should be implemented for the //ISerializable// interface? /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: The //GetObjectData// method and the serialisation constructor. Follow up answer: Forgeting the //GetObjectData// method results in a compiler error. Forgeting the serialisation constructor results in a serialisation exception at runtime. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C5L3Q4: What are the four serialisation events? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //Serializing//, //Serialized//, //Deserializing// and //Deserialized//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C5L3Q5: What are the four attributes used to specify which methods respond to each serialisation event? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //OnSerializing//, //OnSerialized//, //OnDeserializing// and //OnDeserialized//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C5L3Q6: Which event occurs first, //IDeserializationCallback.OnDeserialization// or //ISerializable//'s //OnDeserialization// event? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //IDeserializationCallback.OnDeserialization//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C5L3Q7: Which event occurs first, //ISerializable//'s //OnDeserialization// event or //IDeserializationCallback.OnDeserialization//? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //IDeserializationCallback.OnDeserialization//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C5L3Q8: What must a method have to respond to a serialisation event? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * A //StreamingContext// object as a parameter. * Return void. * The attribute that matches the serialisation event. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C5L3Q9: Which of the serialisation types supports events? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Hint: Either //BinaryFormatter//, //SoapFormatter// or custom serialisation. Answer: //BinaryFormatter//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C5L3Q10: How can you make context decisions during serialisation? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Inspect (or examine etc) the //StreamingContext// object passed to the //GetObjectData// method. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C5L3Q11: How can you make context decisions during deserialisation? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Inspect (or examine etc) the //StreamingContext// object passed to the serialisation constructor. ===== Chapter 6: Graphics ===== ==== Lesson 2: Working with Images ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C6L2Q1: How can a //System.Drawing.Image// class be instantiated? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * Call the //Image.FromFile// or //Image.FromStream// method. * Create a //System.Drawing.Bitmap// or //System.Drawing.Imaging.Metafile// object. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C6L2Q2: What two methods does //Bitmap// have that //Image// does not? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //GetPixel// and //SetPixel//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C6L2Q3: What must first be done to draw a rectangle on a //Image// or //Bitmap// object? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Create a //Graphics// object by calling the //Graphics.FromImage// method. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C6L2Q4: How can an image from a JPEG file be displayed in a Windows Forms application? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: - Create a //PictureBox// control on the form. - Create a //Image// or //Bitmap// object by calling the //Image.FromFile// or //Bitmap.FromFile// method. - Assign the //Image// or //Bitmap// object to the //BackgroundImage// property of the //PictureBox// control. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C6L2Q5: How can an image from a JPEG file be displayed in a Windows Forms application, without using a //PictureBox// control? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: - Create a //Bitmap// object by calling the //Bitmap.FromFile// method. - Get the //Graphics// object by calling the //GetGraphics// method. - Call the //DrawImage// method on the //Graphics// object, passing in the //Bitmap// object, the location and the size. ==== Lesson 3: Formatting Text ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C6L3Q1: When using the //Graphics.DrawString// method, how do you set the vertical alignment to top, center or bottom? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: - Create a //StringFormat// object. - Set the //LineAlignment// property of the //StringFormat// object to * //StringAlignment.Near// for top, * //StringAlignment.Center// for center or * //StringAlignment.Far// for bottom. - Pass the //StringFormat// object to the //Graphics.DrawString// method. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C6L3Q2: When using the //Graphics.DrawString// method, how do you set the horizontal alignment to left, center or right? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: - Create a //StringFormat// object. - Set the //Alignment// property of the //StringFormat// object to * //StringAlignment.Near// for left, * //StringAlignment.Center// for center or * //StringAlignment.Far// for right. - Pass the //StringFormat// object to the //Graphics.DrawString// method. ===== Chapter 7: Threading ===== ==== Extension ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C7XQ1: What is the difference between the way the CLR deals with unhandled exceptions in the .NET Framework 1.1 verses 2.0? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: In 1.0, a backstop is provided for unhandled exceptions that occur on the following types of thread: * A thread from the thread pool. * A thread created with the //Thread.Start// method. * A finaliser thread. In 2.0, these exceptions are left to proceed naturally. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C7XQ2: The .NET Framework 2.0 provides a backstop for what three types of unhandled exceptions? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * A //ThreadAbortException// thrown because of an //Abort// call. * An //AppDomainUnloadException// thrown because the application domain is being unloaded. * An internal exception thrown by the CLR or host process. ==== Lesson 1: Creating Threads ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C7L1Q1: What are the steps to create a new thread that does not require data passed to it? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: - Create a //ThreadStart// object and pass the method to be run into the constructor. - Create a //Thread// object and pass the //ThreadStart// object into the constructor. - Call the //Thread// object's //Start// method. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C7L1Q2: What are the steps to create a new thread that requires data passed to it? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: - Create a //ParameterizedThreadStart// object and pass the method to be run into the constructor. - Create a //Thread// object and pass the //ThreadStart// object into the constructor. - Call the //Thread// object's //Start// method and pass the data to go to the new thread. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C7L1Q3: What method signature does a //ThreadStart// delegate have? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: It takes no parameters and returns //void//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C7L1Q4: What method signature does a //ParameterizedThreadStart// delegate have? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: It takes an //Object// as a parameter and returns //void//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C7L1Q5: How should a thread be stopped? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: By calling its //Abort// method. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C7L1Q6: What happens when you call a thread's //Abort// method? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: The threading system __prepares__ to throw a //ThreadAbortException//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C7L1Q7: What two methods can be used to prevent data corruption when a thread is aborted? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //BeginCriticalRegion// and //EndCriticalRegion//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C7L1Q8: What is contained in the execution context of a thread? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * Security information * Localisation settings * Transaction information /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C7L1Q9: How do you prevent new threads from getting the execution context? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Call the //ExecutionContext.SurpressFlow// before the new thread is created and call the //ExecutionContext.RestoreFlow// afterwards. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C7L1Q10: Why would you want to prevent new threads from getting the execution context? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: It is faster. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C7L1Q11: What should the //Thread.ThreadState// property be used for? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Debugging only and not thread synchronisation. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C7L1Q12: Which thread state can a thread not return to once it has left it? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //Unstarted// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C7L1Q13: Which thread state can a thread not leave once it has entered it? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //Stopped// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C7L1Q14: Which thread state is a newly created thread in? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //Unstarted// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C7L1Q15: What happens to a thread's state when another thread calls //Thread.Start// on it? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: At first, nothing. Then, when the thread __responds__ to the call and actually starts running, it changes to //Running//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C7L1Q16: What happens to a thread's state when another thread calls //Thread.Suspend// on it? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //Thread.Suspend// is depreciated and should not be used. But if it is, at first the thread's state changes to //SuspendRequested//. Then, when the thread __responds__ to the call, it changes to //Suspended//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C7L1Q17: What happens to a thread's state when another thread calls //Thread.Abort// on it? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: At first the thread's state changes to //AbortRequested//. Then, when the thread __responds__ to the call, it changes to //Aborted//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C7L1Q18: What can trigger a thread to change its state to //Running//? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * The thread responds to a //Thread.Start// call. * Another thread calls //Thread.Resume// which is depreciated and should not be used. * TODO: there may be a third. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C7L1Q19: How can a thread enter the //WaitSleepJoin// state? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * The thread calls //Monitor.Wait// on another object. * The thread calls //Thread.Sleep//. * The thread calls //Thread.Join// on another thread. ==== Lesson 2: Sharing Data ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C7L2Q1: What class can be used to atomically increment a variable? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //Interlocked//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C7L2Q2: What five atomic operations can the //Interlocked// class perform? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Add, Increment, Decrement, Exchange and Read. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C7L2Q3: What are the three kernel object that allow thread synchronisation across application domains or process boundaries? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Mutex, Semaphore and Event. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C7L2Q4: What would you use to control access to a resource across application domains or process boundaries? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: A Mutex. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C7L2Q5: What would you use to restrict access to a resource across application domains or process boundaries to a certain number of processes? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: A Semaphore. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C7L2Q6: What would you use to signal processes across application domains or process boundaries? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: An Event. ==== Lesson 3: The Asynchronous Programming Model ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C7L3Q1: What does APM stand for? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Asynchronous Programming Model /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C7L3Q2: What type does the method //BeginRead// (part of the APM) return? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //IAsyncResult// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C7L3Q3: What are the three APM rendezvous models? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Wait-until-done, polling and callback. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C7L3Q4: When using the APM, when is an exception that occurs on an asynchronous thread thrown? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: When the //EndXXX// method is called. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C7L3Q5: To add a piece of work to be processed by the thead pool, what method should be called and what should be passed to it? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: The //ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem// method should be called, a //WaitCallback// object and a data object to be processed should be passed. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C7L3Q6: What information does the method //ThreadPool.GetMaxThreads// give? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: The maximum number of threads and the maximum __completion ports__. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C7L3Q7: What information does the method //ThreadPool.GetMinThreads// give? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: The minimum number of threads and the minimum __completion ports__. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C7L3Q8: Which are there typically more of, threads managed by the thread pool or completion ports? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Completion ports /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C7L3Q9: What method can be used to utilise the thread pool to fire a callback when a kernal-level synchronisation object signals it has been released? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //ThreadPool.RegisterWaitForSingleObject// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C7L3Q10: What is the namespace of the preferred //Timer// class? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //System.Threading.Timer// ===== Chapter 8: Application Domains and Services ===== ==== Lesson 1: Creating Application Domains ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C8L1Q1: What are application domains used for? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: To keep assemblies separate within a single process. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C8L1Q2: What manages application domains? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: The .NET framework runtime. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C8L1Q3: What manages processes? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: The operating system. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C8L1Q4: What can host an application domain? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: The .NET framework runtime **or** an assembly. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C8L1Q5: How do you create an application domain? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Call //AppDomain//'s **static** //CreateDomain// method. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C8L1Q6: How do you load an assembly into an application domain? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Call the //ExecuteAssembly// or //ExecuteAssemblyByName// method on the **instance** of the //AppDomain// object. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C8L1Q7: How do you close an application domain? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Call //AppDomain//'s **static** //Unload// method and pass a reference to the application domain to be closed. ==== Lesson 2: Configuring Application Domains ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C8L2Q1: The //Evidence// object has a constructor that requires two arrays. What goes in each array? ** Follow up question: Although either or both can be null, which is more likely to be null? /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Host evidence and assembly evidence. Follow up answer: Assembly evidence. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C8L2Q2: At what two stages can evidence be specified for an assembly running in an application domain? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: When the application domain is created and when the assembly is executed. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C8L2Q3: Which existing //AppDomain// objects are affected by changing the properties of an //AppDomainSetup// instance? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: None (tricky). Changing the properties of an //AppDomainSetup// instance only affects new //AppDomain// objects that are created with it. ==== Lesson 3: Creating Windows Services ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C8L3Q1: How do you debug a service? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Install it, start it and then attach a debugger to the service's process. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C8L3Q2: When creating a service, which methods should you override and which are optional? ** Follow up question: What should you also do if you override any optional method? /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: The methods //OnStart// and //OnStop// should be overridden. The methods //OnPause//, //OnContinue// and //OnShutdown// are optional. Follow up answer: If //OnPause// and/or //OnContinue// are overriden, set //ServiceBase.CanPauseAndContinue// to true. If //OnShutdown// is overriden set //ServiceBase.CanShutdown// to true. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C8L3Q3: What four things does the //ServiceInstaller// class define? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: The service description, display name, service name and start type. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C8L3Q4: What does the //ServiceProcessInstaller// class define? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: The service account settings. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C8L3Q5: What are the three start types for a service and which is the default? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Automatic, manual (default) and disabled. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C8L3Q6: What are the four types of accounts that can be used in a security context for a Windows service? ** Follow up question: Which is the default, which is the most secure and which is the most privileged? /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * Local service (most secure) * Network service * Local system (most privileged) * User (default) /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C8L3Q7: What tool is used to manually install a service? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: InstallUtil.exe. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090922 */ ** C8L3Q8: What are three methods for starting a Windows service? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * Server Explorer. * Services Control Manager. * Programmatically using the //ServiceController// class. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090922 */ ** C8L3Q9: What exception will a //ServiceController// object throw if the service name does not exist on the machine? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //InvalidOperationException//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090922 */ ** C8L3Q10: What class is used to interact with Windows services? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //ServiceController//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20091012 */ ** C8L3Q11: What should a service name be and how is it set? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: A service name should be unique and is set by modifying the //ServiceBase.ServiceName// property in Visual Studio's service Designer. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20091012 */ ** C8L3Q12: What must a service's //OnStart// method do? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Return. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20091012 */ ** C8L3Q13: What are three ways to stop or start a service? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * Use Computer Management's Services snap-in. * Use the //Net// command from a command line. * Programmatically, by using the //ServiceProcess.ServiceController// class. ===== Chapter 9: Installing and Configuring Applications ===== ==== Lesson 1: Configuration Settings ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C9L1Q1: What are the two most important classes used to deal with application settings and what namespace are they in? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //Configuration// and //ConfigurationManager//, which are in the //System.Configuration// namespace. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C9L1Q2: What are the four //ConfigurationManager// methods that open various configurations? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * //OpenExeConfiguration// * //OpenMachineConfiguration// * //OpenMappedExeConfiguration// * //OpenMappedMachineConfiguration// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C9L1Q3: What should you always do before opening a mapped configuration file and why? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Check for the existence of the file, because if it is missing no error will be generated - instead all the configuration settings will be null. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C9L1Q4: How can you specify which version of the .NET Framework an application should be run with? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Add a //supportedRuntime// entry in the //startup// section of the configuration file. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C9L1Q5: Which is obsolete, //ConfigurationSettings// or //ConfigurationManager//? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //ConfigurationSettings// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C9L1Q6: What are the two default properties of the //ConfigurationManager// class used to store configuration information? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //AppSettings// and //ConnectionString//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C9L1Q7: What is the default file name for putting configuration settings in? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //App.config//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C9L1Q8: What is the XML path for custom application settings in the //App.config// file? ** Follow up question: What is the element name and what should its two attributes be? /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //configuration// -> //appSettings//. Follow up answer: The element name is 'add' and the two attributes should be 'key' and 'value'. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C9L1Q9: How would you read a setting called 'foo' from the application settings file? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Call //ConfigurationManager.AppSettings//["foo"] and store the result in a //String//. ==== Lesson 2: Creating an Installer ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C9L2Q1: What are the two specific predefined installers? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //AssemblyInstaller// and //ComponentInstaller//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C9L2Q2: What methods should be overridden when creating a custom //Installer// class? ** Follow up question: What two events can also be responded to? /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //Install//, //Commit//, //Rollback// and //Uninstall//. Follow up answer: //Committing// and //Committed//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C9L2Q3: Other than overriding methods and responding to events, what else needs to be done to create a custom //Installer// class? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Add the //RunInstallerAttribute// to the custom class and set the //runInstaller// parameter to true. ==== Lesson 3: Using the .NET Framework 2.0 Configuration Tool ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C9L3Q1: What are the code groups in the .NET Framework named after? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: The evidence they provide. ===== Chapter 10: Instrumentation ===== ==== Lesson 1: Logging Events ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C10L1Q1: Which account or accounts have enough privileges to write to the Windows event log? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: The Local System account. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C10L1Q2: Which logs are available by default in the Windows event log mechanism? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Application, Security and System. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090923 */ ** C10L1Q3: What should never be done with any event log object? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: It should never be passed to less trusted code. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090923 */ ** C10L1Q4: What is required to create an event source and why? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Administrative privileges is required because all logs, including security, must be searched to determine whether the event source is unique. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090924 */ ** C10L1Q5: Which versions of Windows do not support event logs? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Windows 98 and Windows Me. ==== Lesson 2: Debugging and Tracing ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C10L2Q1: How can you programmatically signal a break to the debugger? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Call the //Debugger.Break// method. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C10L2Q2: How do you prevent a member from appearing in the variable watch window while debugging? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Add a //DebuggerBrowsable// attribute to the member and pass in //DebuggerBrowserState.Never//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C10L2Q3: How do you specify what text will appear in the Value column of the variable watch window for a custom class while debugging? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Add a //DebuggerDisplay// attribute to the member. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C10L2Q4: What does the //DebuggerDisplay// attribute do? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Specifies what should be displayed in the Value column of the variable watch window while debugging. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C10L2Q5: What does the //DebuggerHidden// attribute do? ** Follow up question: How is it different from the //DebuggerStepThrough// attribute? /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: It causes the debugger to step through the code for the class, method or property it decorates, and causes the debugger to ignore any breakpoints in the code. Follow up answer: The //DebuggerStepThrough// attribute will **not** cause debugger to ignore any breakpoints in the code. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C10L2Q6: What does the //DebuggerStepThrough// attribute do? ** Follow up question: How is it different from the //DebuggerHidden// attribute? /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: It causes the debugger to step through the code for the class, method or property it decorates, but the debugger will still break at any breakpoints in the code. Follow up answer: The //DebuggerHidden// attribute will cause debugger to ignore any breakpoints in the code. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C10L2Q7: How do you prevent the debugger from breaking inside a class, method or property, even if there is a breakpoint? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Add a //DebuggerHidden// attribute to the class, method or property. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C10L2Q8: How do you prevent the debugger from breaking inside a class, method or property, but still stop on any breakpoints? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Add a //DebuggerStepThrough// attribute to the class, method or property. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C10L2Q9: How do you add a //DebuggerHidden// or //DebuggerStepThrough// attribute to a property? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Decorate either or both of the accessor methods with the attribute. ==== Lesson 3: Monitoring Performance ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C10L3Q1: What is the difference between the //Trace// class and the //Debug// class? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: The //Trace// class is implemented in both the release and debug builds, whereas //Debug// is only implemented in debug builds. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C10L3Q2: What are the four primary methods of getting a reference to a process or processes? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: The //GetCurrentProcess//, //GetProcessById//, //GetProcessByName// and //GetProcesses//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C10L3Q3: How do you start an external executable from .NET code? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Call the //Process.Start// method. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C10L3Q4: How do you start an external executable with command line arguments from .NET code? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Create or get a reference to a //ProcessStartInfo// object, set the //Arguments// property and pass it to the //Process.Start// method. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C10L3Q5: What object type should secure text be stored in? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //SecureString// ==== Lesson 4: Detecting Management Events ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C10L4Q1: What are the four most important members of the //System.Management// namespace? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //ManagementQuery//, //EventQuery//, //ObjectQuery// and //ManagementObjectQuery//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C10L4Q2: What does //WMI// stand for? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Windows Management Instrumentation. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C10L4Q3: What are the two steps to retrieve information from the WMI? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: - Create a //ManagementObjectSearcher// object and pass the query into the constructor. - Obtain a //ManagementObjectCollection// object by calling the //ManagementObjectSearcher//'s //Get// method. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C10L4Q4: What needs to be selected from to enumerate the logical drives? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //Win32_LogicalDisk// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C10L4Q5: What needs to be selected from to enumerate the network adapters? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C10L4Q6: What needs to be selected from to enumerate the Windows Services? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //Win32_Service// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C10L4Q7: What class would be used to respond a change in the WMI? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //ManagementEventWatcher// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090921 */ ** C10L4Q8: What industry standard does the WMI use to represent systems, processes, networks, devices and enterprise components? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Common Information Model /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090921 */ ** C10L4Q9: The WMI architecture consists of what three tiers? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * Client software components. * The object manager. * Provider software components. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090921 */ ** C10L4Q10: What three things can applications use the WMI for? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * Enumerating or retrieving a collection of instance property data. * Querying for selected instance data. * Subscribing to events. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090921 */ ** C10L4Q11: What can the WMI instrumentation be used for? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Applications can create their own class and instances with properties and methods that store data about themselves to WMI. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090921 */ ** C10L4Q12: What class or classes are used when gathering WMI class information? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //ManagementObject// and //ManagementClass//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090921 */ ** C10L4Q13: What class or classes are used when querying for data with WMI? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //SelectQuery//, //ManagementObjectSearcher//, //WqlObjectQuery// and //ObjectQuery//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090921 */ ** C10L4Q14: What class or classes are used when querying for data asynchronously with WMI? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //ManagementObjectCollection// and //ManagementOperationObserver//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090921 */ ** C10L4Q15: What class or classes are used when executing methods with WMI? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //ManagementBaseObject//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090921 */ ** C10L4Q16: What class or classes are used when executing methods asynchronously with WMI? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //ManagementOperationObserver//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090921 */ ** C10L4Q17: What class or classes are used when receiving events from WMI? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //WqlEventQuery// and //ManagementEventWatcher//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090921 */ ** C10L4Q18: What class or classes are used when receiving events asynchronously from WMI? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //EventArrivedEventArgs//, //EventArrivedEventHandler//, //CompletedEventArgs// and //CompletedEventHandler//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090921 */ ** C10L4Q19: What class or classes are used when connecting to a remote computer with WMI? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //ConnectionOptions// and //ManagementScope//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090921 */ ** C10L4Q20: What class or classes are used when creating data providers with WMI instrumentation? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //Instance//, //InstrumentationClassAttribute// and //InstrumentedAttribute//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090921 */ ** C10L4Q21: What class or classes are used when creating event providers with WMI instrumentation? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //BaseEvent// and //Instrumentation//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090921 */ ** C10L4Q22: What class or classes are used when registering a provider with WMI instrumentation? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //ManagementInstaller//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090922 */ ** C10L4Q23: What does the //ObjectQuery// class do? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: It represents a management query that returns instances or classes. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090922 */ ** C10L4Q24: What does the //ManagementObjectSearcher// class do? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: It retrieved a collection of management objects based on a specifies query. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090922 */ ** C10L4Q25: What does the //ManagementObjectCollection// class do? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: It represents different collections of management objects retrieved through WMI. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090922 */ ** C10L4Q26: Objects contained in a //ManagementObjectCollection// are derived from what type? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //ManagementBaseObject//. ===== Chapter 11: Application Security ===== ==== Lesson 1: Understanding Code Access Security ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C11L1Q1: What does CAS stand for? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Code Access Security. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C11L1Q2: What is the relationship between evidence, code groups and permission sets? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: The evidence that an assembly has determines what code group or groups it belongs to. The code group or groups determines what permission set or sets it gets. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C11L1Q3: What are the two types of evidence? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Host evidence and assembly evidence. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C11L1Q4: What are the three CAS policy levels and which one would you most commonly use? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Enterprise, machine and user. Machine policy is the most commonly used. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C11L1Q5: What must an assembly have before its trust can be increased? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: A strong name. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C11L1Q6: As a developer, the permission set assigned to the My_Computer_Zone should be changed from what to what? ** Follow up question: Why should it be changed? /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: From "Full Trust" to "Everything". Follow up answer: Full Trust completely skips all CAS statements in code. The Everything permission set has similar permissions, but it does not skip CAS statements. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C11L1Q7: What is the command line utility for maintaining CAS settings? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Caspol.exe - **C**ode **A**ccess **S**ecurity **POL**icy tool. ==== Lesson 2: Using Declarative Security to Protect Assemblies ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C11L2Q1: What does the Microsoft term 'RequestOptional' mean in English? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: 'Refuse all except'. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C11L2Q2: What does the Microsoft term 'RequestMinimum' mean in English? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: 'Require minimum'. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C11L2Q3: What is the English term 'refuse all except' called in Microsoft language? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: 'RequestOptional'. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C11L2Q4: What is the English term 'require minimum' called in Microsoft language? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: 'RequestMinimum'. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C11L2Q5: What are the three //SecurityAction//s? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //RequestMinimum//, //RequestOptional// and //RequestRefuse//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C11L2Q6: CAS declarations are only significant in what type of assemblies? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Partially trusted assemblies. ==== Lesson 3: Using Declarative and Imperative Security to Protect Methods ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C11L3Q1: How many declarative CAS security actions are available for assemblies and how many are available for methods? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Three for assemblies, six for methods. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C11L3Q2: What are the three declarative CAS security actions for assemblies? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //RequestMinimum//, //RequestOptional// and //RequestRefuse//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C11L3Q3: What are the six declarative CAS security actions for methods? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //Assert//, //Demand//, //Deny//, //InheritanceDemand//, //LinkDemand//, and //PermitOnly//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C11L3Q4: What is the difference between the //Demand// CAS security action and the //LinkDemand// CAS security action? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //Demand// checks the security of __all__ the callers, //LinkDemand// only checks the security of the __immediate__ caller. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C11L3Q5: Which class is used to specify what to check for in a declarative permission statement and which is used in an imperative permission statement? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Declarative permission statements use //SecurityAction//, imperative permission statements use //CodeAccessPermission//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C11L3Q6: How should a method __check__ if it has a particular CAS permission? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Call the //System.Security.SecurityManager.IsGranted// method. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C11L3Q7: Which two security actions __reduce__ CAS permissions for a method and what is the difference between the two? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //Deny// and //PermitOnly//. //Deny// removes only the specified permission, //PermitOnly// removes __all except__ the specified permission. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C11L3Q8: Which two security actions __reduce__ CAS permissions for an assembly and what is the difference between the two? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //RequestRefuse// and //RequestOptional//. //RequestRefuse// removes only the specified permission, //RequestOptional// removes __all except__ the specified permission. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C11L3Q9: What are the three security actions that are applicable to assembles and what are their equivalent security actions that are applicable to classes and methods? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * //RequestRefuse// (assembly) is equivalent to //Deny// (class and methods). * //RequestOptional// (assembly) is equivalent to //PermitOnly// (class and methods). * //RequestMinimum// (assembly) is equivalent to //Demand// (class and methods). /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C11L3Q10: What is the meaning of life? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: 42 /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C11L3Q11: As the security action //Assert// can only be used once in a method, how can multiple CAS permissions be asserted? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Add the permissions to a //PermissionSet// object and assert that. ===== Chapter 12: User and Data Security ===== ==== Lesson 1: Authenticating and Authorizing Users ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C12L1Q1: What are the three properties of //PrinciplePermission//? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Authenticated, Name, Role. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C12L1Q2: What does RBS stand for? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Role-Base Security /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C12L1Q3: What two things must be defined to make a declarative permission statement? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * //SecurityAction//, typically //Demand// * one or more //PrinciplePermission// properties. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C12L1Q4: Which type of RBS security demand restricts entire methods? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Hint: Declarative or imperative? Answer: Declarative. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C12L1Q5: Which type of RBS security demand is more granular? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Hint: Declarative or imperative? Answer: Imperative. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C12L1Q6: What must be done before making an RBS demand? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Set the principle policy. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C12L1Q7: What must be implemented for a custom principle class based on //IIdentity// ? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //AuthenticationType//, //IsAuthenticated// and //Name//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C12L1Q8: What must be implemented for a custom principle class based on //IPrinciple// ? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Constructor, the //Identity// property, the //IsInRole// method. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C12L1Q9: Scenario question ** Question: You must restrict access to a method based on a user’s group memberships in the local user database. You want to use the most secure method possible. Which technique will you use? /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Hint: //WindowsPrincipal.IsInRole// or //WindowsIdentity.IsInRole// or Imperative RBS demands or Declarative RBS demands. Answer: Declarative RBS demands. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C12L1Q10: Scenario question ** Question: You must restrict access to a method that is directly called by a Windows event. It will be based on a user’s group memberships in the local user database. If the user lacks sufficient access, you want to log an event and display a message to the user. You want to use the most secure method possible. Which technique will you use? /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Hint: //WindowsPrincipal.IsInRole// or //WindowsIdentity.IsInRole// or Imperative RBS demands or Declarative RBS demands. Answer: Imperative RBS demands. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C12L1Q11: Scenario question ** Question: You are writing a method for a console application that lists options available to a user based on his group memberships. Which technique should you use? /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Hint: //WindowsPrincipal.IsInRole// or //WindowsIdentity.IsInRole// or Imperative RBS demands or Declarative RBS demands. Answer: //WindowsPrincipal.IsInRole//. ==== Lesson 2: Using Access Control Lists ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C12L2Q1: What does DACL stand for? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Discretionary Access Control List. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C12L2Q2: What does SACL stand for? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Security Access Control List. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C12L2Q3: What is the difference between DACLs and SACLs? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: DACLs restrict access, SACLs audit (or log) access. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C12L2Q4: What do DACLs contain? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: ACEs (Access Control Entries) /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C12L2Q5: Scenario question ** Scenario: Mary is a member of the managers group, which has delete access to a resource. She is also a member of the accountants group, which has modify access to the resource. Question: What access to the resource does Mary have? /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Both delete and modify access. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C12L2Q6: Scenario question ** Scenario: Mary is a member of the managers group, which has **grant** read access to a resource. She is also a member of the accountants group, which has **deny** read access to the resource. Question: What access to the resource does Mary have? /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: None. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C12L2Q7: Scenario question ** Scenario: Mary is not a member of any group that is in any of the ACEs for a resource. Question: What access to the resource does Mary have? /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: None. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C12L2Q8: What are the standard file and folder permissions? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //FullControl//, //Modify//, //ReadAndExecute//, //ListDirectory//, //Read//, and //Write//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C12L2Q9: What system resources can be secured using DACLs, SACLs and ACEs? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Files, folders (or directories), registry keys, cryptographic keys, Event Wait handles, mutexes, and semaphores. ==== Lesson 3: Encrypting and Decrypting Data ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C12L3Q1: What is the preferred symmetric encryption class? ** Follow up Question: What is the preferred encryption algorithm also known as? Another Follow up Question: What is the next most preferred encryption algorithm? /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //RijndaelManaged// ('Rijndael' is pronounced 'Rhine Dahl'.) Follow up Answer: Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). Another Follow up Answer: TripleDES (not DES). /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C12L3Q2: What is the common, older, crappier symmetric encryption algorithm? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Data Encryption Standard (DES). /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C12L3Q3: What class is used to convert a password into a key? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //Rfc2898DeriveBytes// ('R-F-C-some numbers-derive-bytes' is ok) /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C12L3Q4: What are the two implementations of the //AsymmetricAlgorithm// base class and what is each used for? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //RSACryptoServiceProvider// and //DSACryptoServiceProvider//. //RSACryptoServiceProvider// is for asynchronous encryption and decryption; //DSACryptoServiceProvider// is for digitally signing messages. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C12L3Q5: What two methods are used to convert strings to byte arrays? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //System.Text.Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes// and //System.Text.Encoding.Unicode.GetString//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C12L3Q6: Which of the following classes are synchronous and which are asynchronous? ** * //RSACryptoServiceProvider// * //RijndaelManaged// * //TripleDES// * //DSACryptoServiceProvider// * //DES// * //RC2// /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * //RSACryptoServiceProvider// (Asynchronous) * //RijndaelManaged// (Synchronous) * //TripleDES// (Synchronous) * //DSACryptoServiceProvider// (Asynchronous) * //DES// (Synchronous) * //RC2// (Synchronous) /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C12L3Q7: What must be synchronized between the encryptor and decryptor when using symmetric encryption? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: The key, the IV (Initial Value) and the Mode. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C12L3Q8: What are the two keyed hashing algorithms? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //HMACSHA1// and //MACTripleDES//. ===== Chapter 13: Interoperation ===== ==== Extension ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090915 */ ** C13XQ1: What are the eight integer based COM data types and their .NET equivalent types? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * bool -> //Int32// * byte -> //Byte// * char -> //SByte// * small -> //SByte// * short -> //Int16// * long -> //Int32// * int -> //Int32// * Hyper -> //Int64// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090915 */ ** C13XQ2: What are the four non-integer numeric COM data types and their .NET equivalent types? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * float -> //Single// * double -> //Double// * DECIMAL -> //Decimal// * CURRENCY -> //Decimal// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090915 */ ** C13XQ3: What are the three other important COM data types and their .NET equivalent types? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * void * -> //IntPtr// * HRESULT -> //Int16// or //IntPtr// * VARIANT -> //Object// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090915 */ ** C13XQ4: What are the five COM data types that are equivalent to //String//? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: BSTR, LPSTR, LPWSTR, char *, wchar_t * ==== Lesson 1: Using COM Objects ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C13L1Q1: What does RCW stand for? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Runtime Callable Wrapper. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C13L1Q2: COM components must be what before being used? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Registered, then imported. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C13L1Q3: What is used to register a COM component? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Regsvr32 /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C13L1Q4: What is used to import a COM component? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Visual Studio or Type Library Importer Tool. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C13L1Q5: When calling VB interop code, what should C# pass for optional parameters? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //Type.Missing// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C13L1Q6: What are the four shortcomings of COM interop? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Static members, parameterised constructors, inheritance, portability. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C13L1Q7: When generating metadata from a type library, what is the resulting assembly called? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: An interop assembly. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C13L1Q8: What are the four options for generating an interop assembly containing type metadata? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * Visual Studio. * Type Library Importer (Tlbimp.exe). * The //TypeLibConverter// class. * Custom wrappers. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C13L1Q9: What can the //TypeLibConverter// class do that the Type Library Importer can not? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: It can convert an in-memory type library to metadata. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C13L1Q10: What are the four high level steps to expose a COM component to the .NET Framework? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: - Import a type library as an assembly. - Create COM types in managed code. - Compile an interop project. - Deploy an interop application. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C13L1Q11: How are COM types that are defined in an assembly used differently from other managed types? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: They aren't used differently (tricky). /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C13L1Q12: How is compiling an interop project different from compiling a managed project? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: It isn't different (tricky). /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C13L1Q13: What three things does an interop application contain? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * A .NET client assembly. * One or more interop assemblies. * One or more registered COM components. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C13L1Q14: Where should private assemblies be installed? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: The same directory as the application. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C13L1Q15: What must a shared assembly have and where is it installed? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: It must have a strong name and be installed in the Global Assembly Cache (GAC). /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C13L1Q16: What is a primary interop assembly? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: A unique, vendor-supplied, strong named, interop assembly that contains type definitions (as metadata) of types implemented with COM. ==== Lesson 2: Exposing .NET Components to COM ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C13L2Q1: When .NET components are consumed by COM, what handles the marshalling between .NET and COM? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: The COM Callable Wrapper (CCW). /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C13L2Q2: How do you hide a public .NET class from COM? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Give it a //ComVisible// attribute and pass in false. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C13L2Q3: What are the four options for generating a type library for COM? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * Type Library Exporter (Tlbexp.exe) * Using the //TypeLibConverter// class. * Assembly Registration Tool (Regasm.exe) * .NET Services Installation Tool (Regsvcs.exe) /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C13L2Q4: What are the five guidelines for qualifying .NET types for interoperation? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * Classes should implement interfaces explicitly. * Managed types must be public. * Methods, properties, fields and events must be public. * Types must have a public default constructor to be activated from COM. * Types can not be abstract. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C13L2Q5: What public parts of a class are not exposed to COM clients? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Parameterised constructors, static methods and constant fields. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C13L2Q6: What does the Assembly Registration tool do and what .NET class provides the equivalent functionality? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: The Assembly Registration tool generates a type library and then registers it so that COM clients can use the .NET class transparently, or it can unregister an assembly. The equivalent class is //RegistrationServices//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C13L2Q7: What is the difference between the Type Library Exporter and the Assembly Registration tool? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: The Type Library Exporter generates a type library but does not register it. The Assembly Registration tool does both. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C13L2Q8: How do you use the Type Library Exporter to generate a subset of the types defined in an assembly? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: You can't - the entire assembly is converted at once (tricky). /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C13L2Q9: How can an interop assembly be activated from any COM client? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: After registering it, install it in the Global Assembly Cache (GAC). /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C13L2Q10: When using the Assembly Registration tool, what does the ''/tlb'' option do? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: It causes the Assembly Registration tool to generate a type library in addition to registering the types. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C13L2Q11: When should the ''/tlb'' option of the Assembly Registration tool not be used? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: If the assembly was produced by the Type Library Importer. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090914 */ ** C13L2Q12: What are the three actions that the .NET Services Installation tool performs? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * Loads and registers an assembly. * Generates, registers and installs a type library into a specified COM+ 1.0 application. * Configures services that you have added programmatically to your class. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090914 */ ** C13L2Q13: What must an assembly have before it can be used by the .NET Services Installation tool? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: A strong name. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090914 */ ** C13L2Q14: What two security considerations does the .NET Services Installation tool have? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * It can not register components with methods protected by a demand or link demand for the //StrongNameIdentityPermission// or the //PublisherIdentityPermission//. * You must have administrative privileges on the local computer to use the .NET Services Installation tool. ==== Lesson 3: Using Unmanaged Code ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C13L3Q1: A Runtime Callable Wrapper is used for what? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Hint: External libraries or P/Invokes? Answer: External libraries. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C13L3Q2: When using P/Invoke calls, which type is best for passing text? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //StringBuilder// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C13L3Q3: How do you specify what unmanaged type a property should be? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Add a //MarshalAs// attribute and specify an //UnmanagedType//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C13L3Q4: What attribute is used to specify a library when creating a P/Invoke? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //DllImport// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C13L3Q5: What attribute is used to determine what order members of a structure are stored in memory? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //StructLayoutAttribute// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C13L3Q6: What are the three methods for determining what order members of a structure are stored in memory and how are they specified? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Auto, sequential and explicit. An instance of //LayoutKind// is passed to the attribute //StructLayout//. ===== Chapter 14: Reflection ===== ==== Lesson 1: Understanding Reflection ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C14L1Q1: What are the four parts of an assembly? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Assembly metadata (or manifest), type metadata, code and resources. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C14L1Q2: What is the relationship between assemblies, modules and types? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: An assembly can contain one or more modules (although typically just one). A module can contain one or more types. An assembly can not directly contain a type (or types must be contained in a module). ==== Lesson 2: Assembly Attributes ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C14L2Q1: How do you get a reference to the current assembly? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Call the //Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly// method. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C14L2Q2: Using reflection, how can you get a collection of all the attributes that a class has? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Call the //Assembly.GetCustomAttributes// method, which will return an array. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C14L2Q3: What happens when the revision part of the version number in the //AssemblyVersionAttribute// is set to an asterisk? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: It will be replaced with a random number by the compiler. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C14L2Q4: What happens when the build part of the version number in the //AssemblyVersionAttribute// is set to an asterisk? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: It will be replaced with an automatically incrementing number by the compiler. ==== Lesson 3: Reflecting Types ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C14L3Q1: How do you create a //Type// object based on a particular object? ** Follow up question: How do you create a //Type// object based on a particular class? /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Call the object's //GetType// method. Follow up answer: Use the //typeof// keyword. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C14L3Q2: If a //string// has been cast into a variable of type //object//, what will calling the method //GetType// on the variable return? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: A //Type// object that represents the __string__ class. ==== Lesson 5: Creating Code at Runtime ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C14L5Q1: Which class is used to create a dynamic assembly? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //AppDomain//. ===== Chapter 15: Mail ===== ==== Lesson 1: Sending Mail ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C15L1Q1: What exception will be thrown if you call //SmtpClient.Send// and the server hostname is defined but the server cannot be found? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //SmtpException// with an inner //WebException//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C15L1Q2: What exception will be thrown if you call //SmtpClient.Send// and any other problem occurs? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //SmtpException//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C15L1Q3: What exception will be thrown if you call //SmtpClient.Send// and the server hostname has not been defined? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //InvalidOperationException//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C15L1Q4: What exception will be thrown if you call //SmtpClient.Send// and the SMTP server reports that the recipient is invalid? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //SmtpFailedRecipientException//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C15L1Q5: Which method would you call to send an e-mail message and wait for the transmission to complete before proceeding? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //SmtpClient.Send// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C15L1Q6: Which method would you call to send an e-mail message and __not__ wait for the transmission to complete before proceeding? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //SmtpClient.SendAsync// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C15L1Q7: How do you talk to the SMTP server securely? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Set //SmtpClient.EnableSsl// to true. ===== Chapter 16: Globalization ===== ==== Lesson 1: Using Culture Information ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C16L1Q1: What are the three culture categories? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Invariant, neutral and specific. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** C16L1Q2: How can a string comparison be made that is specific to a culture and can use the //CompareOptions// class? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: - Create or get a reference to an //CultureInfo// object. - Get a reference to the //CompareInfo// property of the //CultureInfo// object. - Call the //Compare// method on the //CompareInfo// object and pass in the two strings to be compared and any //CompareOtions// required. ====== Web Exam 70-528 Study Questions ====== ===== Chapter 1: Introducing the ASP.NET 2.0 Web Site ===== ==== Lesson 1: Understanding The Players ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20110708 */ ** WebC1L1Q1: What are the four main HTTP methods? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Get, post, put and delete. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20110708 */ ** WebC1L1Q2: What are the five common MIME types? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Text, image, audio, video and application. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20110708 */ ** WebC1L1Q3: What is the difference between where form data is stored in a GET request and a POST request? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: In a GET request, the form data is put in the query string. In a POST request, the data is put in the message body. ==== Lesson 2: Creating a Web Site ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20110708 */ ** WebC1L2Q1: What are the three sections of an in-line ASPX file? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Page directives, code, layout. ==== Lesson 3: Working with Web Configuration Files ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20110708 */ ** WebC1L3Q1: What are the five levels, in order, of the ASP.NET configuration hierarchy? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Global machine, root default web, web site, web application, sub-directory. ==== Lesson 4: Using ASP.NET Trace ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20110708 */ ** WebC1L4Q1: What is the virtual page that displays trace information? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Trace.axd. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20110708 */ ** WebC1L4Q2: What are the two methods of configuring the trace facility? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Using the Website Administration Tool and editing the web.config file. ===== Chapter 2: Adding and Configuring Server Controls ===== ==== Lesson 1: Using a Server Control ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20110708 */ ** WebC2L1Q1: How should the source of bloat in the //ViewState// be identified? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: By using the trace facility. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20117012 */ ** WebC2L1Q2: What must an HTML server control be located inside to operate correctly? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: A form element that has the //runat="server"// attribute. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20117012 */ ** WebC2L1Q3: What are the three methods of setting the properties of an HTML control? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Source view, design view and programmatically in code. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20117012 */ ** WebC2L1Q4: In which event on what object should dynamically created controls be created? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: The Init event on the page object. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20117012 */ ** WebC2L1Q5: What order are events from a web page raised on the server side? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: The event that caused the postback is processed last. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20117012 */ ** WebC2L1Q6: What property on a control should be set to minimize the size of the //ViewState// data? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: The //EnableViewState// should be set to //false//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20117012 */ ** WebC2L1Q7: What are the five main page events, in the order they occur? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //Page_PreInit//, //Page_Init//, //Page_Load//, //Page_PreRender// and //Page_Unload// ==== Lesson 2: Exploring Common Web Server Controls ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20117012 */ ** WebC2L2Q1: What are two differences between the //Literal// control and the //TextBox// control? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * The //Literal// control does not support styles, themes, and skins. * The //Literal// control does not inherit from //WebControl//. ===== Chapter 3: Exploring Specialized Server Controls ===== ==== Lesson 1: Exploring Specialized Web Server Controls ==== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20110823 */ ** WebC3L1Q1: What are the three modes of the //Literal// control? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //PassThrough//, //Encode// and //Transform//. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20110823 */ ** WebC3L1Q2: What is the advantage of using the //Table//, //TableRow// and //TableCell// controls over using straight HTML markup? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: The ability to add rows and cells programmatically. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20110824 */ ** WebC3L1Q3: What web control should be used if clicking on an image is required? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //ImageButton// or //ImageMap//. ====== IT Questions ====== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** ITQ1: What is the definition of third normal form? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: "Every non-key attribute must provide a fact about the key, the whole key, and nothing but the key." /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** ITQ2: What is Brooks' Law? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: "Adding resources to a late project makes it later." /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** ITQ3: What is the Unicode number for the snowman character? ** ☃ /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: 2603 (Hex). /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** ITQ4: What are Robert Martin's three laws of Test Driven Development? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: - You are not allowed to write a line of production code until you have written a failing unit test. - You are not allowed to write more of the unit test than is sufficient to fail. - You are not allowed to write more production code than is sufficient to pass the test. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** ITQ5: What is Conway's Law? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: "Organisations which design systems are constrained to produce designs which are copies of the communication structures of these organisations." - Melvin Conway, 1968. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** ITQ6: What is the difference between //Cast// and //Convert// in T-SQL? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //Cast// is ANSI compliant. //Convert// is specific to SQL Server and allows some formatting options. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20091017 */ ** ITQ7: What type of URL should destructive or data modifying operations be put behind and why? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: They should be put behind HTTP-POST requests because web-crawlers and search engines are not supposed to follow them. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20110708 */ ** ITQ8: What should be looked for in a code review? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Correctness (only). ====== Fractal Questions ====== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** FractalQ1: What should be done first if a layer is too 'busy' or has a lot of noise? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Lower the bailout parameter on the formula tab. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** FractalQ2: What should be done if a layer has 'black holes'? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Increase the Maximum Iterations parameter on the formula tab. ====== Life Questions ====== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** LifeQ1: Whose fault should you always assume it is? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Your own fault. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** LifeQ2: When things are shit, what question should you ask? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: "What can **I** do about it?" /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** LifeQ3: What is the effect / affect usage mnemonic? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: VANE - **V**erb **A**ffect **N**oun **E**ffect /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090915 */ ** LifeQ4: If you are afraid of being embarrassed or laughed at, what will your art always be? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Embarrassing and laughable. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20100106 */ ** LifeQ5: What two things should every person with a job be doing? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * The very best they can at their job. * Looking for a better job. ====== The Pragmatic Programmer ====== ===== Preface ===== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** PragPreQ1: What is the most basic characteristic of a Pragmatic Programmer? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: They care about their craft. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** PragPreQ2: What are the five lesser characteristics of a Pragmatic Programmer? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Early adopter / fast adapter, Inquisitive, Critical thinker, Realistic, and Jack of all trades. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** PragPreQ3: How does one become a Pragmatic Programmer? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: THINK! about one's work and continuously make many small improvements. ===== Chapter 1 ===== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** PragC1Q1: What is the 'Broken Window Theory' and how does it apply to software development? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: ... /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** PragC1Q2: What type of soup should you make when being a catalyst for change? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Hint: Stone soup or frog soup. Answer: Stone soup. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** PragC1Q3: Great software today is often preferable to what? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Perfect software tomorrow. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** PragC1Q4: Perfect software tomorrow is often less preferable to what? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Great software today. ===== Chapter 2: A Pragmatic Approach ===== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** PragC2Q1: When does software maintenance begin and why? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Software maintenance begins as soon as coding starts, because things keep changing (requirements and our understanding of them, environments, knowledge etc.) /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** PragC2Q2: What is the //DRY// principle? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Don't Repeat Yourself. //"Every piece of knowledge must be a single unambiguous, authoritative representation with in a system."// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** PragC2Q3: What are the four categories of duplication? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Hint: The four //i//'s of duplication. Answer: * //Imposed// - Developers feel they have no choice - the environment appears to require duplication. * //Inadvertent// - Developers don't realise they are duplicating information. * //Impatient// - Developers get lazy and duplicate because it seems easier. * //Interdeveloper// - Multiple people on a team (or different teams) duplicate information. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** PragC2Q4: What is a technique for avoiding or reducing imposed duplication? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Code generation. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** PragC2Q5: What is Meyer's //Uniform Access principle//? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //"All services offered by a module should be available through a uniform notation, which does not betray whether they are implemented through storage or through computation."// or //"Class properties are good."// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** PragC2Q6: What are two techniques for avoiding or reducing inadvertent duplication? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Normalise the data and don't store what can be calculated. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** PragC2Q7: What should be done if the //DRY// principle needs to be violated for performance reasons? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Ensure the violation is not exposed to the outside world by keeping it contained with in the class. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** PragC2Q8: How do you avoid impatient duplication? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Discipline. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** PragC2Q9: What adage relates to impatient duplication? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //"Short cuts make for long delays."// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** PragC2Q10: What is orthogonality? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Independence or decoupling. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** PragC2Q11: What are the two major benefits of orthogonality? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Increased productivity and reduced risk. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** PragC2Q12: How can you get an informal measurement of how orthogonal a team is? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Determine how many people __need__ to be involved in discussing each change that is requested. The less people, the more orthogonal and better off the team is. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** PragC2Q13: How can low orthogonality affect a team? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Confusion over responsibilities leading to bickering. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** PragC2Q14: What are three techniques to maintain orthogonality? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * Keep code decoupled. * Avoid global data. * Avoid similar functions. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** PragC2Q15: How is orthogonality related to unit testing? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * If the unit test does not require much set up, the unit has a good amount of orthogonality. * If the unit test has to bring in a big chunk of the system to set up the test, the unit has little orthogonality. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** PragC2Q16: What is code that glows in the dark? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Tracer code. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** PragC2Q17: What are the four aspects of code that tracer code should share with production code and what is the one aspect that it should not? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Shared: error checking, structuring, documentation and self-checking. Not shared: Full functionality. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** PragC2Q18: What are the five advantages of tracer code? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * Users get to see something early. * Develops a build structure to work in. * Creates an integration platform. * Creates something to demonstrate. * Creates a better feel for progress. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** PragC2Q19: What is the difference between tracer code and prototyping? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Prototyping generates disposable code. Tracer code is lean but complete and forms part of the skeleton of the final system. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** PragC2Q20: What are seven types of things that are good to prototype? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Risky, untried, critical, unproven, experimental, doubtful or uncomfortable things. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** PragC2Q21: What are six parts of a system that are good to prototype? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * The architecture. * New functionality in an existing system. * The structure or contents of external data. * Third-party tools or components. * Performance issues. * The user interface. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** PragC2Q22: What are four aspects of coding that can, when appropriate, be ignored while prototyping? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Correctness, completeness, robustness and style. ===== Chapter 3: The Basic Tools ===== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** PragC3Q1: What are the three benefits of plain text? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * Insurance against obsolescence * Leverage * Easier testing /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** PragC3Q2: What are three situations that make tracing statements invaluable? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * Concurrent processes * Real-time systems * Event-based applications ===== Chapter 5: Bend or Break ===== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090929 */ ** PragC5Q1: What is the Law of Demeter? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Any method of an object should call only methods belonging to: * itself, * any parameters that were passed into the method, * any object it created, or * any directly held component objects. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090929 */ ** PragC5Q2: What is the response set of a class? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: The number of functions directly invoked by methods of the class. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20091007 */ ** PragC5Q3: What us Levy's Eight Law? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: "No amount of genius can overcome a preoccupation with detail." /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20091007 */ ** PragC5Q4: What type of diagram can be used to determine temporal coupling? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: A UML activity diagram. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20091007 */ ** PragC5Q5: What should be analysed to improve concurrency? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Workflow. ===== Chapter 6: While You Are Coding ===== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20091007 */ ** PragC6Q1: What are three examples of programming by coincidence? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * Accidents of implementation. * Accidents of context. * Implicit assumptions. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20091007 */ ** PragC6Q2: What should you do if something __seems__ to work? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Make sure it isn't just a coincidence. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20091007 */ ** PragC6Q3: What is the problem with the building metaphor of software development? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Buildings are not normally refactored. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20091007 */ ** PragC6Q4: What are four reasons for refactoring? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * Duplication (violation of the DRY principle). * Non-orthogonal design. * Outdated knowledge. * Performance. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20091007 */ ** PragC6Q5: What are Martin Fowler's three tips on refactoring? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * Don't refactor and add functionality at the same time. * Make sure there are good tests beforehand. * Take short, deliberate steps. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20091012 */ ** PragC6Q6: What four capabilities should a test harness include? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * A standard way to specify setup and clean up. * A method for selecting individual tests or all available tests. * A means of analysing output for expected (or unexpected) results. * A standardised form of failure reporting. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20091012 */ ** PragC6Q7: What should be done at the end of any debugging session? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Formalise any ad hoc tests into unit tests. ====== Professional ASP.NET MVC 1.0 ====== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20100620 */ ** MvcC1Q1: What are the six top-level directories, created by default when a new ASP.NET MVC project is created? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Controllers, Models, Views, Scripts, Content and App_Data. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20100620 */ ** MvcC1Q2: Where does ASP.NET MVC store its routing rules? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: In the Global.asax file. ====== Article 1: Design Principles and Design Patterns, Robert C. Martin ====== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** Art1P2Q1: What are the four primary symptoms of rotting design? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * Rigidity (changes cascade) * Fragility (breaks whenever it is changed) * Immobility (inability to reuse software from other projects or part of the system) * Viscosity (easier for the engineers to break the design with hacks rather than preserve it) /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** Art1P4Q1: What kind of requirements changes cause design rot? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Changes that introduce new and unplanned for __dependencies__. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** Art1P4Q2: What technique can be used to prevent degradation of the dependency architecture? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Dependency firewalls. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** Art1P4Q3: What is the Open Closed Principle and who came up with it? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //"A module should be open for extension, but closed for modification."// - Bertrand Meyer /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** Art1P5Q1: What is the key to the OCP? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Abstraction. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** Art1P8Q1: What is the Liskov Substitution Principle and who came up with it? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //"Subclasses should be substitutable for their base classes."// - Barbara Liskov /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** Art1P8Q2: What is the canonical example of the subtleties of the LSP? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: The Circle / Ellipse dilemma. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** Art1P12Q1: Violations of the LSP are also what? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Violations of the OCP. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ ** Art1P12Q2: What is the Dependency Inversion Principle? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //"Depend on abstractions. Do not depend on concretions."// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090917 */ ** Art1P12Q3: Which principle states the goal of object orientated architecture and which states the primary mechanism? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: The goal is stated by the Open Closed Principle and the primary mechanism is stated by the Dependency Inversion Principle. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090917 */ ** Art1P14Q1: Where is the most common places that designs depend on concrete classes? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: When instances are created. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090917 */ ** Art1P14Q2: What is the Interface Segregation Principle? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //"Many client specific interfaces are better than one general purpose interface."// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090917 */ ** Art1P16Q1: What means of organising a design has larger granularity than classes? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Packages. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090917 */ ** Art1P16Q2: What are the three principles of package architecture? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * The Release Reuse Equivalency Principle * The Common Closure Principle * The Common Reuse Principle /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090917 */ ** Art1P17Q1: What is the Release Reuse Equivalency Principle? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //"The granule of reuse is the granule of release."// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090917 */ ** Art1P17Q2: What is the Common Closure Principle? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //"Classes that change together, belong together."// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090917 */ ** Art1P17Q3: What is the Common Reuse Principle? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //"Classes that aren't reused together should not be grouped together."// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090917 */ ** Art1P18Q1: Which package architecture principle or principles tends to advantage reusers and which tends to advantage maintainers? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Reusers are advantaged by the Release Reuse Equivalency Principle and the Common Reuse Principle. Maintainers are advantaged by the Common Closure Principle. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090917 */ ** Art1P18Q2: Which package architecture principle or principles tends to make packages large which tends to make them small? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: The Common Closure Principle tends to make large packages and the Common Reuse Principle tends to make small packages. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090917 */ ** Art1P18Q3: Which package architecture principle or principles would architects tend to use in the early life of a system and which would they tend to use when the system has matured? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: In early life, the Common Closure Principle tends to be used. When the system has matured the Release Reuse Equivalency Principle and the Common Reuse Principle tend to be used. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090917 */ ** Art1P18Q4: What are the three principles of package coupling? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * The Acyclic Dependencies Principle * The Stable Dependencies Principle * The Stable Abstraction Principle /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090917 */ ** Art1P18Q5: What is the Acyclic Dependencies Principle? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //"The dependencies between packages must not form cycles."// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090917 */ ** Art1P21Q1: What are two methods for breaking a cycle in a package dependency structure? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * Add a new package. * Add a new interface that has all the methods that one package is dependant on and is implemented by the other package. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20091007 */ ** Art1P21Q2: What design pattern should be used when a client type class directly depends on a server type class? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: An Abstract Server. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20091007 */ ** Art1P21Q3: What is the Abstract Server design pattern and what is its advantage? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: An Abstract Server is an abstract interface between a client and a server. Its advantage is that the abstract interface becomes a "hinge point" that design can flex around. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090917 */ ** Art1P22Q1: Which package would an interface very often go in? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: The package that uses it, rather than the package that implements it. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090917 */ ** Art1P22Q2: What is the Stable Dependencies Principle? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //"Depend in the direction of stability."// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090925 */ ** Art1P23Q1: What is a package that has three other packages depending on it said to be? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Responsible to those three other packages. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090925 */ ** Art1P23Q2: What is a package that depends on nothing said to be? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: An independent package. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090925 */ ** Art1P23Q3: What is a package that has no other packages depending on it said to be? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: An irresponsible package. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090925 */ ** Art1P23Q4: What is a package that has three other packages depending on it said to be? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: A dependant package. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090925 */ ** Art1P23Q5: What is a package that is independent and responsible to other packages said to be? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: A stable package. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090925 */ ** Art1P23Q6: What is an irresponsible, dependant package said to be? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: An instable package. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090917 */ ** Art1P24Q1: What is the Stable Abstraction Principle? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: //"Stable packages should be abstract packages."// /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090925 */ ** Art1P24Q2: What is afferent coupling? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: The number of classes outside the package that depend on classes inside the package. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090925 */ ** Art1P24Q3: What is efferent coupling? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: The number of classes outside the package that classes inside the package depend on. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090925 */ ** Art1P24Q4: What is the formula for determining the instability of a package? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Instability equals efferent coupling divided by afferent coupling plus efferent coupling. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090925 */ ** Art1P26Q1: What is the formula for determining the abstractness of a package? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Abstractness equals the number of abstract classes in the package divided by the total number of classes. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090925 */ ** Art1P26Q2: What type of packages occupy the zone of uselessness? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Instable, abstract packages. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090925 */ ** Art1P26Q3: What type of packages occupy the zone of pain? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Stable, concrete packages. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20090925 */ ** Art1P26Q4: What is the formula for determining the distance a package is from the main sequence? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: The absolute value of the abstractness plus instability minus one. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20091007 */ ** Art1P29Q1: What design pattern should be used when inserting an abstract interface is not feasible? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Adapter. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20091007 */ ** Art1P29Q2: What is the Adapter design pattern? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: The Adapter is an object that implements the abstract interface to delegate to the server. Every method of the adapter simply translates and then delegates. ====== 59 Seconds - Think a little, change a lot, Professor Richard Wiseman ====== /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20100106 */ ** 59SecHappinessQ1: What is materialism mainly driven by? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Low self-esteem. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20100106 */ ** 59SecHappinessQ2: How does one buy happiness? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: By buying experiences, not goods. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20100106 */ ** 59SecHappinessQ3: What are three ways to feel more happy? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Smile, sit up and act happy. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20100106 */ ** 59SecPersuasionQ1: What are the three steps to giving a great job interview? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * Likeability is more important than academic achievements and work experience. * Reveal weaknesses early and strengths late. Retain something strong for the end. * Don't overreact to mistakes - the interviewer probably didn't notice. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20100106 */ ** 59SecPersuasionQ2: What is the Spontaneous Trait Transference Effect? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: When criticising someone else, observers will attribute the negative traits to the speaker. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20100106 */ ** 59SecPersuasionQ3: What is the Franklin Effect? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Getting someone to do you a favour will increase the chance of them liking you. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20100106 */ ** 59SecPersuasionQ4: What is the Pratfall Effect? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: The occasional mistake can make you more likeable. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20100106 */ ** 59SecPersuasionQ5: What should you do if you require assistance in the street? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Pick out a friendly face in the crowd. Clearly tell them what is happening and what they need to do. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20100106 */ ** 59SecMotivationQ1: What is the rule to beat procrastination? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Work on the activity for "just a few minutes". /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20100106 */ ** 59SecMotivationQ2: What are the four key techniques to achieve a goal? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: * Have a plan. * Tell friends a family. * Doublethink. Focus on the benefits //and// potential setbacks. * Reward each step of the way. /* --== Answer Question separator ==-- */ /* Added 20100106 */ ** 59SecMotivationQ3: What visualisation technique should be used to provide motivation to achieve goals and how does it work? ** /* --== Question Answer separator ==-- */ Answer: Doublethink. Imagine both the potential benefits from achieving the goal //and// the potential setbacks that may occur along the way. {{tag>reference mcts study_questions exam}}